新冠疫情下留学生医学基础课网上教学探索与实践

目的探讨新冠疫情下留学生医学基础课程网上授课的手段、方法和效果,以期在"停课不停学"下保障教学质量。方法利用雨课堂、企业微信和慕课等技术手段完成理论课的教学任务,同时通过随堂测试和问卷对教学效果进行评估。结果前期开展线上教学的问题主要集中在教学时差、缺少课堂互动、实践性课程的取消三个方面。因此,我们相应采取了录播课程、增加互动形式以及推迟实践性课程的方式,帮助学生渡过难关。结论现代化的网络教学方法比较受留学生的欢迎,同时多样化的教学方式满足了学生的不同需求。     

Associations between serum amino acids and incident type 2 diabetes in Chinese rural adults

Background and aimsSome amino acids (AAs) may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the associations of individual AAs with the development of T2DM in rural Chinese adults.Methods and resultsA cohort study of 1199 individuals aged 18 years or older was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in a rural community of Deqing, China, a repeated survey was done in 2015 and data linkage with the electronic health records system was performed each year for identifying new T2DM cases. A high-performance liquid chromatography approach was used to measure the baseline serum concentrations of 15 AAs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between AAs and the risk of incident T2DM. A total of 98 new T2DM cases were identified during the follow-up of 12 years on average. Among 15 AAs, proline was associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM after adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, family history of T2DM, smoking status, alcohol use, and history of hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-standard deviation increment was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.43). The association tended to be more marked in subjects younger than 60 years and overweight/obese subjects. Among participants without hypertension, proline and phenylalanine were associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM, while aspartic acid was associated with a decreased risk.ConclusionSerum proline was associated with the risk of incident T2DM in rural Chinese adults and might be a potential predictor.     

内镜治疗90岁及以上老年人胆总管结石患者的临床护理研究

目的 探讨经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)及胆道塑料支架置入(ERBD)治疗90岁及以上患者胆总管结石的疗效、安全性及护理.方法 对32例90岁及以上老年人患者完善术前准备,在密切监护下行EST及ERBD治疗胆总管结石的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 EST 1次取石成功27例;1次取出部分结石3例,经行内镜下鼻胆管引流,5d后再次取石成功;成功率为93.8％.1例因结石大,碎石失败后行ERBD,6个月后结石变小,取出胆管结石;1例因乳头旁巨大憩室插管未成功而致取石失败.32例患者中并发出血1例(3.1％),未发生肠穿孔、胰腺炎等并发症和死亡.结论 内镜行EST及ERBD治疗90岁及以上老年人胆总管结石安全、有效,具有创伤小、并发症少,操作灵活、简便等优点,护士完善的术前准备、准确迅速的术中配合和监护,精心的术后护理是治疗成功的重要条件.     

The long-term effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of intractable insomnia

ObjectiveTo explore the differences in clinical efficacy of different courses of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of intractable insomnia and the duration of clinical efficacy after cessation of treatment.Method70 patients with intractable insomnia were randomly divided into 1 treatment course group and 2 treatment courses group. The rTMS course consisted of daily sessions of 1200 stimuli for the r-DLPFC at a frequency of 1 Hz and 800 stimuli for parietal lobe (CPZ) at a frequency of 1 Hz. The pitchburg sleep index (PSQI), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and cardiopulmonary coupled sleep (CPC) were assessed for 35 patients in each group at baseline, at 2 weeks, and at 1 and 3 months after treatment.ResultThe scores of PSQI, HAMD and HAMA in the 2 groups were significantly improved after 1 month of follow-up after rTMS treatment (p < 0.01). The long-term effect of different treatment courses is different. After 2 consecutive courses of treatment, there was still a significant difference between the 3-month follow-up and the pre-treatment period (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between the 3-month follow-up of one course of treatment and the pre-treatment period. The results of CPC test showed that the improvement of total sleep time (TST), and deep sleep time (DST) was basically consistent with the assessment of PSQI, HAMD and HAMA that the clinical efficacy of the 3-month follow-up was better than that of one course of treatment after 2 consecutive courses of treatment.ConclusionThe treatment of refractory insomnia by rTMS is effective, and the duration of the curative effect is related to the course of treatment. 2 consecutive courses of treatment still have a certain effect after 3 months, which is worthy of clinical promotion.     

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学的血脂异常用药规律和作用机制研究＊

目的 从文献研究的角度出发，运用数据挖掘和网络药理学研究方法，探讨中医药在血脂异常治疗中的组成规律和作用机制研究，为该病的防治提供参考。方法 以1979-2019年“中国知网（CNKI）”、“万方数据”、“维普中文期刊”等数据库中检索到的中药复方治疗血脂异常文献为数据来源，采用中医传承辅助平台对其进行频次分析、关联规则分析和熵聚类方法分析，研究防治血脂异常方药组成规律，并在此基础上采用网络药理学方法，通过KEGG通路和基因本体富集分析，研究高频核心药物的生物信号通路，阐明其作用机制。结果 共计786篇文献符合检索条件，包含314味中药，发现48味高频中药，按照药物使用频次从高到低排序为：活血化瘀药、补虚药（健脾补肾为主）、利水渗湿药、消食化积药；药物性味以温、苦为主，归肝经和脾经最多；进一步关联分析得到高频药对（药组）17个；经过熵聚类分析发现潜在药物组合22个和新方组合11个。应用网络药理学研究方法，对核心药组“山楂、泽泻和决明子”的作用机制进行探索，发现其主要通过作用于包括雌激素受体1（ESR1）、大麻素受体1型（CNR1）、糖皮质激素受体基因（NR3C1）、环氧合酶2（PTGS2/COX2）等潜在靶点，干预三羧酸（TCA）循环、脂质代谢、脂肪酸降解等调节血脂相关的关键信号通路而发挥调节血脂作用。结论 中药治疗血脂异常以健脾补肾治其本，活血化瘀、消痰化积治其标的方法为主，核心药组的作用机制可能是通过干预脂质代谢和基础代谢相关通路发挥治疗作用。     

Evaluation of Routine Coronary Angiography Before Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

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柴胡芍药汤加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者的效果观察

目的:探讨柴胡芍药汤加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者的效果观察。方法:选取我院2016年4月-2018年4月64例溃疡性结肠炎患者,根据随机数表法分为观察组(32例)与对照组(32例),观察组实施柴胡芍药汤加减治疗,对照组实施常规治疗,对比治疗效果。结果:观察组各项血清炎性因子指标均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后症状积分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:柴胡芍药汤加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者的效果显著,可降低炎性反应,缓解症状,具有较高用药安全,值得推广。